Fossil plant rarer species Stigmaria rugulosa coal age lycopsid tree root !

Description

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Specimen:
Classic , very detailed fossil plant, rarer Stigmaria species:
Stigmaria rugulosa
GOTHAN
Locality:
Poland, GZW Upper Silesia Coal Basin, GZW
Stratigraphy:
Upper Carboniferous, Middle Pennsylvanian Westphalian B "Orzeskie" Beds
Age:
ca. 310 / 315 Mya,
Matrix dimensions:
ca. 14,0 x 9,0 x 9,0 cm ( white square - scale bar on pictures is 1,0 x 1,0 cm)
Description:
Classic fossil plant, rarer Stigmaria species
Stigmaria rugulosa
GOTHAN (
The strong wrinkling is characteristic for this species)
Until now well understood are three species:
Stigmaria ficoides
,
Stigmaria rugulosa
and
Stigmaria reticulata
.
Stigmaria are a type of branching tree root fossil found in
Carboniferous
rocks. They were the roots of
coal forest lycopsid
trees such as
Sigillaria
and
Lepidodendron
.
Stigmaria
is the generic name given to fossil
root
casts
of various tree species of the Pennsylvanian Period, regardless of the form genera and species. The round nodes on the surface of
stigmaria
are scars where ribbon-like rootlets were once attached and arranged radially about
stigmaria
like the bristles of a bottle brush.
A flattened vascular tube is frequently visible on the end of
stigmaria
, located just off center of the axis of the root and running longitudinally down its length, which provided fluids  and perhaps nutrients to the main tree in life.
Systematic:
Division:
Tracheophyta (Lycoposida)
Class:
Lycopodinae
Order:
Lycophodiales
Family:
Sigillariaceae
Genus:
Stigmaria
Species:
Stigmaria rugulosa
GOTHAN